Sulfur

Basic Facts:

• Symbol: S
• Atomic Number: 16
• Group Number: 6A
• Period:3
• Has 16 protons and 16 electrons (these are the same number as sulfur's atomic number).
• Sulfur also contains 16 neutrons.
• Has 3 energy levels.
• Electrons per orbital: 2,8,6
• Atomic mass: 32.066 amu
• Has the smell of a rotten egg (when it's Hydrogen sulfide).
• Where can it be found?: near volcanic regions and hot springs, along the Ring of Fire, Indonesia, Chile, and Japan.
• Sulfur is Odorless.
• Tastelss
• Sulfur is very reactive.
• Pure sulfur is not harmful to people.
  

History:

• Has been known since the 6th century B.C. in China.
• Was used in traditional Chinese medicine.
• Was used in Chinese gun powder.
• Antoine Lavoisier convinced the scientists/scientific community that sulfur was an element around 1777!
• Sulfur has been known since ancient times.

Physical Properties:

• Boiling/Condensation Point: 717.8 K (444.6 °C, 832.3 °F)
• Melting /Freezing Point: 388.36 K (115.21°C, 239.38 °F)
• Sulfur is common on Earth.
  
• Appearance and Color: lemon yellow crystals.
• Phase and most common state at earth temperatures: solid.
• Sulfur is pale yellow.
• Brittle

Isotopes:

• It has five isotopes: 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S

Radioactive?:

• 35S is radioactive.

Interesting name facts:

• Sulfur is known as sulphur in the United Kingdom, India, Malaysia, South Africa, the Caribbean, Ireland, and Hong Kong.
• Sulfur is known as sulfur in the U.S.
• In Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, both of the spellings -sulphur and sulfur- are used.
• Brimstone was one of sulfur's earliest English names. Brimstone, an old-English word, means a stone that burns.

Quick Facts about Antoine Lavoisier:

• He discovered that even though matter can change its form and/or shape, its mass will remain the same, always.
• He was a chemist, nobleman, and economist.
• Lived from August 26, 1743 to May 8, 1794 in Paris, France.
• Convinced scientists that sulfur was an element around 1777.

Modern Day Uses and Cost:

• insecticides
• pesticide
• fingicides
• fertilizers
• preservatives
• batteries
• to "vulcanize rubber for use in tires"
• medicines
• for making sulfuric acid: sulfric acid is the least expensive commercial acid.
• gunpowder
• matches
• Cost: usually $40 to $50 for 300 g. of sulfur.

Classification:

• nonmetal

3-D Model:

Sources:

“Antoine Lavoisier.” Wikipedia. 16 Nov. 2008. Nov. 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Antoine_Lavoisier>.
Barbalance, Kenneth L. “Chemistry & Enviromental Dictionary Mass-Mixture.” EnvironmentalChemistry.com. Nov. 2008 <http://environmentalchemistry.com/‌yogi/‌chemistry/‌dictionary/‌M01.html#Melting%20Point>.
- - -. “Periodic Table of Elements Element Sulfur-S.” EnvironmentalChemistry.com. Nov. 2008 <http://environmentalchemistry.com/‌yogi/‌periodic/‌S.html>.
Bentor, Yinon. “Periodic Table: Sulfur.” Chemical Elements. Nov. 2008 <http://www.chemicalelements.com/‌elements/‌s.html>.
Gagnon, Steve. “Sulfur.” It’s Elemental. Nov. 2008 <http://education.jlab.org/‌itselemental/‌ele016.html>.
“How much does sulfur cost?!?!?” Yahoo! Answers. Nov. 2008 <http://answers.yahoo.com/‌question/‌index?qid=1006013003921>.
Jensan Scientifics. “Native Sulfur.” periodic table. 17 Mar. 2003. Nov. 2008 <http://www.periodictable.com/‌Items/‌NativeSulfur/‌index.html>.
“Sulfur.” Environmental Literacy Council. 29 July 2008. Nov. 2008 <http://www.enviroliteracy.org/‌article.php/‌1016.php >.
“Sulfur.” schools-wikipedia. Nov. 2008 <http://schools-wikipedia.org/‌wp/‌s/‌Sulfur.htm>.
“Sulfur.” web mineral. Nov. 2008 <http://www.webmineral.com/‌data/‌Sulfur.shtml>.
“Sulfur.” Wikipedia. 16 Nov. 2008. Nov. 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Sulfur>.

Beatty, Richard. The Elements Sulfur. New York: Benchmark Books, 2001.